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Does anybody here know the difference between MARC21 and USMARC? I am munging sets of MARC bibliographic data from a III catalog with holdings data from the same. I am using MARC::Batch to read my bib' data (with both strict and warnings turned off), insert 853 and 863 fields, and writing the data using the as_usmarc method. Therefore, I think I am creating USMARC files. I can then use marcdump to... dump the records. It returns 0 errors. We are then attempting to feed these files to Ex Libris's Primo but it chokes on my data with the following error complete with spelling mistakes: 2009-01-21 16:47:33,369 ERROR [t-SplitRecords] [c-RecordSplitter] - An exception occured while splitting record. error message is Content is not allowed in prolog. Apparently we need to tell Primo that my data is one of the following formats: MARC21 MAB DANMARC2 UNIMARC MARC Exchange In what way is USMARC different from any of the formats above, and is it possible to use the MARC::Record family of modules to write flavors of MARC other than USMARC. (Alternatively, maybe instead I need to turn strict and warning on and filter out any bad records. Hmmm... ) -- Eric Lease Morgan University of Notre Dame