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On 6 April 2011, Jonathan Rochkind wrote: > I think we computer programmers are really better-served by reserving the > notion of "validity" for things specified by formal specifications -- as we > normally do, talking about any other data format. And the only formal > specifications I can find for Marc21 say that leader bytes 20-23 should be > 4500. (Not true of Marc in general just Marc21). "Validity" does mean something definite ... but Postel's Law is a good guideline, especially with the swamp of bad MARC, old MARC, alternate MARC, that's out there. Valid MARC is valid MARC, but if---for the sake of file and its magic---we can identify technically invalid but still usable MARC, that's good. Bill -- William Denton, Toronto : miskatonic.org www.frbr.org openfrbr.org