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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 I'd suggest that perhaps the confusion arises because "This instance is (not) 'valid' according to that ontology." might be inferred from an instance and an ontology (under certain conditions), and that's the soul of what we're asking when we define constraints on the data. Perhaps OWL can be used to express conditions of validity, as long as we represent the quality "valid" for use in inferences. - --- A. Soroka The University of Virginia Library On Sep 13, 2013, at 11:00 PM, CODE4LIB automatic digest system wrote: > Also, remember that OWL does NOT constrain your data, it constrains only the inferences that you can make about your data. OWL operates at the ontology level, not the data level. (The OWL 2 documentation makes this more clear, in my reading of it. I agree that the example you cite sure looks like a constraint on the data... it's very confusing.) -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG/MacGPG2 v2.0.19 (Darwin) Comment: GPGTools - http://gpgtools.org iQEcBAEBAgAGBQJSNwe2AAoJEATpPYSyaoIkwLcIAK+sMzy1XkqLStg94F2I40pe 0DepjqVhdPnaDS1Msg7pd7c7iC0L5NhCWd9BxzdvRgeMRr123zZ3EmKDSy8XZiGf uQyXlA9cOqpCxdQLj2zXv5VHrOdlsA1UAGprwhYrxOz/v3xQ7b2nXusRoZRfDlts iadvWx5DhLEb2+uVl9geteeymLIVUTzm8WnUITEE7by2HAQf9VlT9CrQSVQ21wLC hvmk47Nt8WIGyPwRh1qOhvIXLDLxD9rkBSC1G01RhzwvctDy88Tmt2Ut47ZREScP YUz/bf/qxITzX2L7tE35s2w+RUIFIFc4nJa3Xhp0wMoTAz5UYMiWIcXZ38qfGlY= =PJTS -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----